What Are Allergies?

Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to a normally harmless substance, known as an allergen. Common allergens include dust, pollen, mold, pet dander, certain foods, and insect stings. Allergic reactions can range from mild to severe and may impact daily life significantly.

Common Allergens in Nepal

Nepal’s diverse environment exposes individuals to various allergens, including:

• Seasonal pollen (especially in spring and autumn)
• Dust and pollution (common in urban areas like Kathmandu)
• Mold spores (due to humid conditions)
• Food allergens (nuts, shellfish, dairy, gluten, etc.)
• Insect bites and stings (mosquitoes, bees, and wasps)
• Medications (antibiotics, pain relievers, etc.)

Symptoms of Allergies

The symptoms depend on the type of allergy but may include:

• Respiratory Symptoms: Sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, wheezing, shortness of breath, asthma flare-ups
• Skin Reactions: Itchy skin, rashes, eczema, hives
• Digestive Issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (common in food allergies)
• Severe Reactions (Anaphylaxis): Swelling of the face and throat, difficulty breathing, dizziness, and loss of consciousness (medical emergency)

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis

A doctor may diagnose allergies through:

• Medical history evaluation
• Skin prick tests
• Blood tests (IgE levels)
• Elimination diets (for food allergies)

Treatment Options

• Avoiding allergens: Identify and reduce exposure to triggers.
• Medications: Antihistamines, decongestants, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators.
• Immunotherapy (Allergy Shots): Long-term treatment for severe allergies.
• Emergency treatment: Epinephrine injections (EpiPen) for anaphylaxis.

Preventing Allergic Reactions

• Use air purifiers to reduce indoor allergens.
• Wear masks in polluted areas to prevent respiratory allergies.
• Check food labels carefully if you have food allergies.
• Keep homes clean to minimize dust and mold buildup.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if:

• Symptoms persist and interfere with daily life.
• Over-the-counter medications do not provide relief.
• You experience difficulty breathing or severe swelling.

Conclusion

Allergies are common but manageable with proper awareness, prevention, and treatment. If you suffer from allergies, consult a doctor to identify triggers and receive appropriate treatment for a healthier, symptom-free life.

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