INTRAVENOUS UROGRAM
IVU : It is radiological procedure for studying of the urinary system ( kidney , Ureter, Urinary bladder) by injecting the contrast media through vein. The major indications of IVU are:
- Renal, ureter and blader stones
- Renal donors
- Renal injury
- Tuberculosis( t.b ) of urinary tract.
- Haematuria , pyoria
Likewise, not in all cases IVU are performed. A person should be physically capable in order to perform IVU. Some of the major contra-indications of IVU are:
- History of allergy to contrast media
- Renal failure
- Pregnancy
- Dehydration
The patient needs to be prepared for the procedure. Some of the major steps included are:
- Patient Should be 8hrs fasting.
- Low residue diet such as simpleDal, Bhat, Soup should be fed. Foods that produce gas such as : meat, cauliflower , milk etc. should be avoided
- Blood test: Urea , creatinine should be performed
Procedure included for the tests are:
- Patients is placed in supine position .
- Kub film is taken of whole urinary tract.
- Puncture site is cleaned by antiseptic medium .
- Then CM (contrast media ) is injected intravenously into a cubital vein in the arm.
- Test injection of 1ml of contrast is given and patient is observed for 1min to look for any contrast reaction . If no reaction is occurring then contrast is rapidly injected within 30-60sec/50ml. Generally omnipaque contrast media is used for IVU. 50ml used in once time. The patient is assured not to worry and take deep long breath.
- Then filming is done with proper exposure factors.
Lastly, the Filming procedure is completed where :
- Control Film: supine full length AP of the KUB in full inspiration.
- Nephrogram: Nephrogram is also called 1min film. It is the first film after injected of the contrast media.
- 5min film: Compression band now used compression is the long clothes like a bandage Which is applied on the abdomen of the patient to demonstrate of the distended collecting system and proximal part of ureter.
- 15min film: This film is taken after 15min of contrast media injected . It is better to show of ureter.
- 35min film: it gives complete overview of urinary tract and also can evaluated bladder distension.
- Full bladder film: Full bladder is only taken if in release film, the bladder is not fully distended .
- Post void film: It is taken immediately after voiding. It is used to assess for. Residue urine.
IVU is mostly performed for patients suffering from urinary problems in Advanced Poly Clinic as well.
Regards,
Advanced Poly Clinic
Source: Bishal Subedi, Radiographer, APC
